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Una lista de las reservas por campo en Arabia Saudi. Del informe THE OIL DRUM, Mayo 2007
On p. xiv of ‘Twilight in the Desert’ Simmons states “information about the contribution that each field makes to the reported 261 Bbbl of proven Saudi Arabian reserves is treated as a state secret”. Now the cat is out of the bag. Without further ado, here are the top 15 fields in Saudi Arabia ranked in order of remaining reserves. Together they account for 256.9 Bbbl (88.6% of the national total). That’s 21% of the world’s total according to BP statistical review!
1) Ghawar, 85 Bbbl. The biggest oilfield in the world. Ghawar has already produced 55 Bbbl, but that represents 39% of ultimate recovery if the IHS numbers are to be believed. Ghawar was discovered in 1948 by Caltex (the original SoCal/Texaco joint venture). Ghawar, located south of Dahran, is elongate north-south and measures 275 by 25 km. The most productive areas are in the north and they are called Ain Dar, Shedgum and Uthmaniyah. In the center is an area called Hawiyah and in the south is Haradh. Reservoir properties deteriorate towards the south. Saudi ARAMCO is shifting the focus of new development towards the south to develop untapped reserves. Ghawar produces 5+ MMbbl/d or 6% of the world’s supply - by far the largest oilfield in the world in terms of production. Ghawar is more or less at peak production currently, although watercut is rising. To maintain high production rates, ARAMCO have undertaken an aggressive infill drilling campaign with horizontal wells. They also inject prodigious amounts of seawater into Ghawar in an attempt to maintain reservoir pressure. The main producing formation at Ghawar is the D member of the Jurassic Arab Formation. Arab-D is characterized by high-permeability dolomitized zones that boost production in the oil leg … but also serve as conduits for water as the oil-water-contact approaches from below as production continues apace. In 2003 fieldwide watercut was 33% and Uthmaniyah stabilized in 2006 at 46%. As of 2004 production capacity was 5.5 MMbbl/d. Ghawar surpassed 5 MMbbl/d in 1976 for the first time and drifted below during the 1980s. Peak was 1990, 6.1 MMbbl/d according to HIS. No numbers since then. Oil goes from northern Ghawar/Shedgum (Google Earth, 25 42’ N, 49 24’ E) to the massive Abqaiq processing facility (25 56’ N, 49 41’ E) to the Ras Tanurah export terminal on the Persian Gulf (26 39’ N, 50 09’ E).
2) Safaniya, 41.16 Bbbl. The world’s largest offshore field, in shallow waters south of the partitioned neutral zone. According to the IHS database, Safaniya has only produced 25% of its ultimate recovery. The field produces a heavy sour oil from the Cretaceous Wasia clastic (sandstone) reservoir with good aquifer support – no waterflood implementation is required. ARAMCO has shut in large percentages of Safaniya’s production on the pretext that refining bottlenecks curtail demand for the field’s output; consequently the field accounts for essentially all of Saudi Arabia’s installed spare capacity. Production capacity is believed to be ~1.75 MMbbl/d. Safaniyah was discovered in 1951 and came onstream in 1957. HIS data looks questionable, they could be adding production from adjacent fields. Simmons says Safaniya peaked in the late 1970s at ~1.5 MMbbl/d and produces at half that rate today.
3) Manifa, 22.79 Bbbl. Discovered in 1957, the offshore Manifa field has only produced 0.3 Bbbl in 40 years. According to IHS it produces 50,000 bbl/d, which came as a surprise. ARAMCO has aspirations of boosting production to 950,000 bbl/d. That would make it the fourth-largest field in the world in terms of production!
4) Shaybah, 19.82 Bbbl. See the latter portion of post 49211. Note the meteoric rise in reserves estimates over time. Shaybah, discovered in 1968, is Saudi ARAMCO’s proudest achievement because they developed it themselves, using exotic multilateral horizontal wells (maximum-reservoir contact wells). Shaybah is located in the ‘Empty Quarter’ south of the United Arab Emirates. It produces from the Cretaceous carbonate formation from which it takes its name. To date, Shaybah has produced 1.18 Bbbl. Currently at peak production of ~500,000 bbl/d.
5) Zuluf, 18.23 Bbbl. Discovered in 1965, Zuluf has produced 1.76 Bbbl or <10% of ultimate recovery. Zuluf is a shallow offshore field that produces from the Cretaceous Wasia Formation, like Safaniya. In the mid-1990s ARAMCO started to rotate production from wells at Zuluf in order to lessen pressure decline.
6) Khurais, 16.78 Bbbl. Discovered in 1957, Khurais has produced 0.21 Bbbl or 1% of ultimate recovery. In 1982 it produced 182,000 bbl/d. ARAMCO says they can get production up to 1,200,000 bbl/d in 2009 … for just $3 billion according to some press reports!
7) Berri, 14.94 Bbbl. Discovered in 1964, Berri has produced 3.06 Bbbl - just 17% of its ultimate recovery. In IHS, Berri peaked in 1976 at 766,000 bbl/d. By the early 1990s it had declined to exactly 500,000 bbl/d for 4 consecutive years … then no data. Unconfirmed reports said production of 300,000 bbl/d in 2003 with 32% watercut.
8) Marjan, 9.26 Bbbl. Discovered in 1967 and onstream in 1973, Marjan has produced 0.74 Bbbl – just 7% of its ultimate recovery. Like Safaniya and Zuluf, Marjan is an offshore field that produces from the Wasia sandstone. IEA said liquids production of 223,000 bbl/d in 2004 with facilities capacity of 450,000 bbl/d.
9) Qatif, 8.62 Bbbl. Discovered in 1945, Qatif has produced 0.79 Bbbl or 8% of its ultimate recovery. Peaked in 1979 at 140,000 bbl/d. Down to 27,000 bbl/d by 1990. It came back onstream in 2004. ARAMCO says they will get it up to 500,000 bbl/d!
10) Abu Sa’fah, 6.15 Bbbl. Discovered in 1965, Abu Sa’fah has produced 2 Bbbl or 25% of its ultimate recovery. According to HIS, it had been producing at 150,000 bbl/d through the 1990s, then you see a dramatic jump to exactly 300,000 bbl/d in 2004 which coincides with ARAMCO’s stated plans for the field. Bahrain shares an interest in the shallow offshore field.
11) Abqaiq, 5.0 Bbbl. Located just south of Dahran, Abqaiq was Saudi Arabia’s first major producer. Abqaiq produces from the same Arab Formation as Ghawar. It is the most heavily depleted field in the country, having produced 73% of its ultimate recovery. The field peaked in 1973 at 1.05 MMbbl/d, now production is down to 0.4 MMbbl/d at 40% watercut. Abqaiq was discovered in 1940 and came onstream in 1946; adjacent Dammam was the first commercial discovery in the country in 1938.
12) Khursaniyah, 3.33 Bbbl. Discovered in 1956, Khursaniyah has produced 0.96 Bbbl or 25% of its ultimate recovery. Khursaniyah produced 200,000 bbl/d in 1980, that dropped off dramatically to 50,000 bbl/d by 1995. ARAMCO has plans to boost production to 500,000 bbl/d … for just $4 billion!
13) Sharar 1, 2.0 Bbbl. “There are no immediate plans to commence development”
14) Hawtah 1.97 Bbbl. This is the only producing asset discovered by Saudi ARAMCO since nationalization. Hawtah is located closer to Riyadh than the Persian Gulf and produces from Paleozoic strata. Since discovery in 1989, Hawtah has produced …. 0.031 Bbbl or just 2% of its ultimate recovery. First year, 16,000 bbl/d; second year, 69,000 bbl/d. Rampup. Third year to present, no data. Press reports said that production was curtailed because ARAMCO was having trouble marketing ‘Arabian Super-Light’ output from Hawtah! An unconfirmed report from IEA said production was down to 26,000 bbl/d by 2004.
15) Harmaliyah, 1.81 Bbbl. Discovered in 1971, Harmaliyah has produced 0.19 Bbbl or 9% of its ultimate recovery. Mothballed in the early 1980s, Harmaliyah was back online after Gulf War I and producing 24,000 bbl/d in 2004 according to IEA.
Saludos.
Cerrado
